Proto-Indo-European Lexicon (PIE Lexicon)

PIE

(Introduction)

(Abbreviations & References)

PIE √ɑɦgu- √ɑɦogu- √ɑɦegu- (sb.) ‘Spitze, Gipfel, Kopf, Felsgipfel’ (a.) ‘erste, oberste’ (adv.) ‘vor(an), zuerst’

(IEW 8-9)

(Pedersen HiuA 183: Hitt. + IIr., Pyysalo)

√ɑɦogu-

(Pyysalo)

PIE *ɑɦógu̯o-

OInd. ága-

(m.) ‘mountain, tree’

(KEWA 1:17)

1. PIE *ɑɦógu̯o-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦógu̯o-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦógu̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

Ro›a → *ɦógu̯a-

3. ɦógu̯a-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

Ró›á → *ɦágu̯a-

4. ɦágu̯a-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *águ̯a-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

5. águ̯a-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RKU›K → OInd. ága-

(SPIE §4.8.3)

PIE *ɑɦogu̯o

OSax. aku-

(sb.) ‘head: Kopf: caput’

(SPsPF 950)

(OSax. acu: caput, see Quak 1999: 215)

1. PIE *ɑɦogu̯o

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦogu̯o

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦogu̯o

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *ogu̯o

(SPIE §2.1.4)

3. ogu̯o

*g → k

Loss of voice of media *g

Rg›k → *oku̯o

4. oku̯o

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

Ro›a → *aku̯a

5. aku̯a

*-a → Ø

Loss of root-final -a

R=a›=0 → *aku̯

6. aku̯

*-ku̯ → -ku̯

Change of root-final -ku̯ into -ku

R=ku̯›=ku → OSax. aku

√ɑɦegur-

(HEG H:235-6)

(HED 3:287, Weitenberg 1984:154, HIL. 395, AHPh. 144)

PIE *ɑɦegur-

Hitt. ḫegur-

(NA4.n.) ‘Felsgipfel, Felsheiligtum, Fels’

(HEG H:235)

(Hitt. ḫé-kur, ḫé-gur, HHand. 49, EHS 276-7)

1. PIE *ɑɦegur-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦegur-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦegur-

PIE *h/ɦ → Hitt. ḫ

Orthographic change of *h/ɦ into ḫ

RH›ḫ → Hitt. ḫegur-

(SPIE §4.6.3)

PIE *ɑɦéguro-

RV. ágra-

(n.) ‘Spitze, äußerstes Ende, Gipfel, Anfang’

(WbRV. 10)

(EWA 1:45, KEWA 1:18)

1. PIE *ɑɦéguro-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦéguro-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦéguro-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

Ro›a → *ɦégura-

3. ɦégura-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *égura-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

4. égura-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RKU›K → *égra-

(SPIE §4.8.3)

5. égra-

*é → á

Change of *é into á

Ré›á → RV. ágra-

PIE *ɑɦeguro-

LAv. aγra-

(a.) ‘der erste, oberste’

(AIWb. 48)

1. PIE *ɑɦeguro-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦeguro-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦeguro-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

Ro›a → *ɦegura-

3. ɦegura-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *egura-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

4. egura-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RKU›K → *egra-

(SPIE §4.8.3)

5. egra-

*e → a

Change of *e into a

Re›a → *agra-

6. agra-

g → γ

Change of *g into γ

Rg›γ → LAv. aγra-

√ɑɦegurei-

(Lat. agrippa to Lat. ager against IEW)

PIE *ɑɦegurei·gu̯óɑh-

RV. agre·gá-

(a.) ‘vorangehend’

(WbRV. 11)

1. PIE *ɑɦegurei·gu̯óɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦegurei·gu̯óh-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦegurei·gu̯óh-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

Ró›á → *ɦegurei·gu̯áh-

3. ɦegurei·gu̯áh-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *egurei·gu̯áh-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

4. egurei·gu̯áh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

Rh›0 → *egurei·gu̯á-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

5. egurei·gu̯á-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RKU›K → *egrei·gá-

(SPIE §4.8.3)

6. egrei·gá-

*e → a

Change of *e into a

Re›a → *agrai·gá-

7. agrai·gá-

ai → ē

Monophthongization of *ai

Rai›ē → *agrē·gá-

8. agrē·gá-

*ē → e

Change of *ē into e

Rē›e → RV. agre·gá-

PIE *ɑɦegurei·pḗɑh-

RV. agre·pā́-

(a.) ‘zuerst trinkend’

(WbRV. 12)

1. PIE *ɑɦegurei·pḗɑh-

PIE *ḗɑ → ā́ɑ

Pyysalo's rule for PIE *ḗɑ

Rḗɑ›ā́ɑ → *ɑɦegurei·pā́ɑh-

(SPIE §2.2.10)

2. ɑɦegurei·pā́ɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦegurei·pā́h-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

3. ɦegurei·pā́h-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *egurei·pā́h-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

4. egurei·pā́h-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

Rh›0 → *egurei·pā́-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

5. egurei·pā́-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RKU›K → *egrei·pā́-

(SPIE §4.8.3)

6. egrei·pā́-

*e → a

Change of *e into a

Re›a → *agrai·pā́-

7. agrai·pā́-

ai → ē

Monophthongization of *ai

Rai›ē → *agrē·pā́-

8. agrē·pā́-

*ē → e

Change of *ē into e

Rē›e → RV. agre·pā́-

PIE *ɑɦegurei·rotɑho-

LAv. aγrae·raϑa-

(PNm.) ‘EN. eines Gläubigen’

(AIWb. 49)

(LAv. aγraeraϑahe)

1. PIE *ɑɦegurei·rotɑho-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

Rɑ›0 → *ɦegurei·rotho-

(SPIE §2.2.4)

2. ɦegurei·rotho-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

Ro›a → *ɦegurei·ratha-

3. ɦegurei·ratha-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

Rɦ›0 → *egurei·ratha-

(SPIE §2.1.4)

4. egurei·ratha-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RKU›K → *egrei·ratha-

(SPIE §4.8.3)

5. egrei·ratha-

*th → ϑ

Affricativization of *th

Rth›ϑ → *egrei·raϑa-

6. egrei·raϑa-

*e → a

Change of *e into a

Re›a → *agrai·raϑa-

7. agrai·raϑa-

*ai → ae

Opening of *ai into ae

Rai›ae → *agrae·raϑa-

8. agrae·raϑa-

g → γ

Change of *g into γ

Rg›γ → LAv. aγrae·raϑa-

Proto-Indo-European Lexicon

The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages