Proto-Indo-European Lexicon

CLu. ā·naa-

(n.) ‘Erfahrung, Klugheit’

(HHand. 15)

1. PIE *ō·noi̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ō·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. ō·nai̯a-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *ā·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

3. ā·nai̯a-

* ai̯a → aa

Loss of *i̯ between *a and *a

RAnatGlide1 → CLu. ā·naa-

(Pyysalo 2013: 3.2.4.2)

Hitt. ā·naa-

(mc.) (devin)

(NOMS. 57.2)

(Hitt. an-na-a [abs])

1. PIE *ō·noi̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ō·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. ō·nai̯a-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *ā·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

3. ā·nai̯a-

* ai̯a → aa

Loss of *i̯ between *a and *a

RAnatGlide1 → Hitt. ā·naa-

(Pyysalo 2013: 3.2.4.2)

CLu. ā·naa-

(mc) (arzavien-)

(NOMS. 57.3)

(CLu. an-n[a-aš] [sgN])

1. PIE *ō·noi̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ō·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. ō·nai̯a-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *ā·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

3. ā·nai̯a-

* ai̯a → aa

Loss of *i̯ between *a and *a

RAnatGlide1 → CLu. ā·naa-

(Pyysalo 2013: 3.2.4.2)

Hitt. ā·naa-

([f]c.) ‘-(?)-’

(NOMS. 58.4)

(OAnat. an-na-a-aš [sgN])

1. PIE *ō·noi̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ō·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. ō·nai̯a-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *ā·nai̯a-

(XX:XX)

3. ā·nai̯a-

* ai̯a → aa

Loss of *i̯ between *a and *a

RAnatGlide1 → Hitt. ā·naa-

(Pyysalo 2013: 3.2.4.2)

PIE *ōni̯ēɑh

OIr. āine

(f.) [in Mg.] ‘wit’

(DIL. 18/141-2)

1. PIE *ōni̯ēɑh

PIE *ēɑ → āɑ

Colouring rule for *ēɑ

RColouring2b → *ōni̯āɑh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. ōni̯āɑh

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ōni̯āh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. ōni̯āh

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *ōni̯ā

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. ōni̯ā

*ōRC → oRC

Osthoff’s Law for *ōRC

ROsthoffo1 → *oni̯ā

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.5.8)

5. oni̯ā

*ā → a

Loss of quantity of *ā

RShortA2a → *oni̯a

6. oni̯a

*-a → Ø

Loss of root-final *a

RLossFinala → *oni̯

7. oni̯

*i̯ → i

Orthographic change of i̯ into i

ROrthogrY2i → OIr. oni

PIE √nɑhku- √nɑɦgu- (vb.) ‘biegen, krümmen, neigen’ (sb.) ‘Kuppe, Schlucht’

(IEW 754)

(Pyysalo: LAv. + OCS. + Gr.)

√nɑhku

(Pyysalo)

PIE *néɑhku̯ēɑh

Att. νάπη-

(f.) ‘waldiger Talgrund, Schlucht’

(GEW 2:288)

1. PIE *néɑhku̯ēɑh

PIE *éɑ → áɑ

Colouring rule for *éɑ

RColouring1d → *náɑhku̯ēɑh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. náɑhku̯ēɑh

PIE *ēɑ → āɑ

Colouring rule for *ēɑ

RColouring2b → *náɑhku̯āɑh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

3. náɑhku̯āɑh

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *náhku̯āh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

4. náhku̯āh

*ku/u̯ → p

Bilabialization of labiovelar *ku/u̯

RBilabializationKW → *náhpāh

5. náhpāh

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *nápā

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

6. nápā

*ā → ē

Ion-Att. change of *ā into ē

RChangeA2E1 → *nápē

7. nápē

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Att. νάπη

PIE *Π·neɑhku̯otu̯o-

LAv. tīrō·nakaϑwa-

(PNm.) ‘EN eines Gläubigen’

(AIWb. 651)

(LAv. tīrō.nakaϑwa-)

1. PIE *Π·neɑhku̯otu̯o-

PIE *eɑ → aɑ

Colouring rule for *eɑ

RColouring1c → *Π·naɑhku̯otu̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. Π·naɑhku̯otu̯o-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *Π·nahku̯otu̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. Π·nahku̯otu̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *Π·nahku̯atu̯a-

4. Π·nahku̯atu̯a-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *Π·naku̯atu̯a-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. Π·naku̯atu̯a-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *Π·nakatu̯a-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

6. Π·nakatu̯a-

*tR → ϑR

Affricativisation of *t before resonants

R33b → *Π·nakaϑu̯a-

7. Π·nakaϑu̯a-

*ϑu̯ → ϑw

Affricativisation of *u̯ after dental fricative ϑ

R34a → LAv. Π·nakaϑwa-

PIE *nṓɑhku̯o-

RV. nā́ka-

(n.) ‘Himmelsgewölbe, Himmelskuppe, Himmel’

(WbRV. 721)

1. PIE *nṓɑhku̯o-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *nṓhku̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. nṓhku̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *nṓhku̯a-

3. nṓhku̯a-

PIE *ṓ → ā́

Change of *ṓ into ā́

RChangeO2A4 → *nā́hku̯a-

4. nā́hku̯a-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *nā́ku̯a-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. nā́ku̯a-

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → RV. nā́ka-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

PIE *Π·nōɑhku̯o

OCS. vŭz·nakŭ-

(a.) ‘zurückgeneigt, rücklings’

(Sadnik 566)

1. PIE *Π·nōɑhku̯o

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *Π·nōhku̯o

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. Π·nōhku̯o

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *Π·nōhku̯a

3. Π·nōhku̯a

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *Π·nāhku̯a

4. Π·nāhku̯a

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *Π·nāku̯a

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. Π·nāku̯a

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *Π·nāka

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

6. Π·nāka

*a → o

Change of *a into o

RChangea2o1 → *Π·nāko

7. Π·nāko

*-o → -u

Change of -o into -u

RChangeO2U → *Π·nāku

8. Π·nāku

*ā → a

Orthographic change of *ā into a

ROrthogrA2a1 → *Π·naku

9. Π·naku

*u → ŭ

Orthographic change of *u into ŭ

ROrthogru2u1 → OCS. Π·nakŭ

PIE *Π·nōɑhku̯o-

LAv. uz·nāka-

(PNm.) ‘EN eines Gläubigen’

(AIWb. 408)

(LAv. usnāka-)

1. PIE *Π·nōɑhku̯o-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *Π·nōhku̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. Π·nōhku̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *Π·nōhku̯a-

3. Π·nōhku̯a-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *Π·nāhku̯a-

4. Π·nāhku̯a-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *Π·nāku̯a-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. Π·nāku̯a-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → LAv. Π·nāka-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

PIE *Π·nṓɑhku̯ēɑh-

RV. ropa·nā́kā-

(PNm.) ‘Drossel (Say.); Lit. Fuchs+Himmel’

(WbRV. 1186)

1. PIE *Π·nṓɑhku̯ēɑh-

PIE *ēɑ → āɑ

Colouring rule for *ēɑ

RColouring2b → *Π·nṓɑhku̯āɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. Π·nṓɑhku̯āɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *Π·nṓhku̯āh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. Π·nṓhku̯āh-

PIE *ṓ → ā́

Change of *ṓ into ā́

RChangeO2A4 → *Π·nā́hku̯āh-

4. Π·nā́hku̯āh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *Π·nā́ku̯ā-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. Π·nā́ku̯ā-

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → RV. Π·nā́kā-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

PIE *nenṓɑhku̯ē-

Gr. νενώπη-

(pf.) ‘= τεταπείνωται’

(GEW 2:600)

1. PIE *nenṓɑhku̯ē-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *nenṓhku̯ē-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. nenṓhku̯ē-

*ku/u̯ → t

Palatalization of labiovelar *ku/u̯

R2ndPalatKW → *nenṓhtē-

3. nenṓhtē-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *nenṓtē-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. nenṓtē-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. νενώτη-

PIE *pronōɑhku̯ḗs-

Gr. προνωπήσ-

(a.) ‘vorwärtz gebeugt, geneigt’

(GEW 2:600)

(DELG 941)

1. PIE *pronōɑhku̯ḗs-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *pronōhku̯ḗs-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. pronōhku̯ḗs-

*ku/u̯ → t

Palatalization of labiovelar *ku/u̯

R2ndPalatKW → *pronōhtḗs-

3. pronōhtḗs-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *pronōtḗs-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. pronōtḗs-

*s → h

Change *s into h

RChanges2h → *pronōtḗh-

5. pronōtḗh-

*h → Ø

Loss of segmental h

RLossofh → *pronōtḗ-

6. pronōtḗ-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. προνωτή-

PIE √n- (vb.) ‘behandeln, wirken, tun, treiben, helfen, nützen’ (sb.) ‘Arbeit’

(IEW 754)

√n-

√nɑh-

(HEG 1:30 )

PIE *onṓɑh-

Lith. anúo-

(vb.) ‘tun, treiben’

(HEG 1:30)

(Lith. anúoti [inf.])

1. PIE *onṓɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *onṓh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. onṓh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *onṓ-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. onṓ-

*o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *anṓ-

4. anṓ-

*ṓ → úo

Change of ṓ into úo

RChangeO2uo2 → Lith. anúo-

PIE *óneɑh-

Gr. ὄνα-

(vb.) ‘nützen, helfen, frommen’

(GEW 2:395)

(Gr. ὄνασθαι [inf.])

1. PIE *óneɑh-

PIE *eɑ → aɑ

Colouring rule for *eɑ

RColouring1c → *ónaɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. ónaɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ónah-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. ónah-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *óna-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. óna-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. ὄνα-

√ni-

(HEG 1:30f.)

(HW2 A: 81f., Melchert 1994:85, Rieken 1999:107f., HIL. 216-8)

Pal. ani-

(vb.) ‘behandeln, bewirken, durchführen’

(DPal. 50)

(Pal. a-ni-it-ti [3sg], HHand. 16), Pal. 27)

1. PIE *oni-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Pal. ani-

(XX:XX)

CLu. ani-

(cs.) ‘wirken, vollbringen, tun’ (Sum. KIN)

(DLL 27)

(CLu. a-an-ni-ti, a-an-ni-i-ti, an-ni-i-ti [3sg])

1. PIE *oni-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → CLu. ani-

(XX:XX)

Hitt. ani-

(vb.) ‘wirken, schaffen’

(HIL. 216)

(Hitt. a-ni-e-mi)

1. PIE *oni-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oní·nēɑh

Dor. ὀνί·νᾱ-

(vb.) ‘deliver, profit, benefit, support’

(GEW 2:395)

1. PIE *oní·nēɑh

PIE *ēɑ → āɑ

Colouring rule for *ēɑ

RColouring2b → *oní·nāɑh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. oní·nāɑh

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *oní·nāh

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. oní·nāh

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *oní·nā

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. oní·nā

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Dor. ὀνί·νᾱ

√nio-

(Pyysalo)

PIE *Π·ni̯o-

gAv. xrū·nya-

(n.) ‘Bluttat, blutige Mißhandlung’

(AIWb. 539)

(gAv. xrūnyā; to LAv. xrū- ‘blutiges, rohes Fleisch’)

1. PIE *Π·ni̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *Π·ni̯a-

2. Π·ni̯a-

i̯ → y

Orthographic change of *i̯ into y

R41a → gAv. Π·nya-

PIE *oni̯o-

CLu. ani̯a-

(vb.) ‘durchführen, behandeln, bewirken’

(HHand. 16)

(CLu. a-ni-ia, a-ni-e-ia-an-t[i... [3pl?])

1. PIE *oni̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → CLu. ani̯a-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oni̯o-

Hitt. ani̯a-

(vb.) ‘wirken, schaffen’

(HEG1:30-)

(Hitt. a-ni-ia-mi [1sg])

1. PIE *oni̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani̯a-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oni̯o-

Pal. ani̯a-

(cs.) ‘wirken, tun’

(DPal. 50)

(Pal. a-ni-ia, a-ni-ia-ši [2sg.])

1. PIE *oni̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Pal. ani̯a-

(XX:XX)

√nioi-

(Pyysalo)

PIE *oni̯oi-

Hitt. ani̯ai-

(vb.) ‘wirken, schaffen’

(HIL. 216)

(Hitt. a-ni-ia-e-ez-zi)

1. PIE *oni̯oi-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani̯ai-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oni̯ei-

Pal. ani̯ei-

(vb.) ‘behandeln, bewirken, durchführen’

(DPal. 50)

(Pal. a-ni-e-iḫ-a [1sg], HHand. 16, Pal. 27).

1. PIE *oni̯ei-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Pal. ani̯ei-

(XX:XX)

PIE *gɦɑut·oni̯ei-

Hitt. gut·ani̯ei-

(vn1.) ‘herrisch behandeln’

(HHand. 87)

1. PIE *gɦɑut·oni̯ei-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *gɦut·oni̯ei-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. gɦut·oni̯ei-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *gɦut·ani̯ei-

(XX:XX)

3. gɦut·ani̯ei-

PIE Dɦ → D

Absence of voiced aspirates

RDeaspDh → Hitt. gut·ani̯ei-

(Pyysalo 2013:XX)

PIE *oni̯ei-

Hitt. ani̯ei-

(vb.) ‘wirken, schaffen’

(HIL. 216)

(Hitt. an-ni-i-ir, a-ni-i-e-i[r])

1. PIE *oni̯ei-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani̯ei-

(XX:XX)

√nion-

PIE *oni̯on-

Hitt. anian-

(n.) ‘Arbeit’

(HHand. 16)

1. PIE *oni̯on-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani̯an-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oni̯ont-

Hitt. aniant-

(pt.) ‘XX’

(HHand. 16)

(Hitt. a-ni-ia-an-t-, a-ni-an-t-)

1. PIE *oni̯ont-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani̯ant-

(XX:XX)

√niu-

(Pyysalo)

PIE *oni̯ou̯or-

Hitt. aniau̯ar-

(n.) ‘Opferzurüstung’

(HHand. 16)

(Hitt. a-ni-ia-u-ua-ar, a-ni-ia-u-ua-an-zi)

1. PIE *oni̯ou̯or-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ani̯au̯ar-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oniur-

Hitt. aniur-

(n.) ‘Opferritus, Ritual’

(HEG I:32)

(Hitt. a-ni-ú-ur, a-ni-ur-aš, a-ni-ú-ri)

1. PIE *oniur-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. aniur-

(XX:XX)

PIE *oniu̯·eioni-

Hitt. aniu̯·eiani-

(fc.) (magicienne, auteur d’un rituel)

(NOMS. 78)

(Hitt. a-an-ni-ui/ú-ia-ni [Abs.]

1. PIE *oniu̯·eioni-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. aniu̯·eiani-

(XX:XX)

PIE *óneiu̯eɑhr-

Gr. ὄνειαρ

(n.) ‘Nutzen, Wert, Hilfe, Erquickung’

(GEW 2:394)

(Gr. ὄνει(ϝ)αρ)

1. PIE *óneiu̯eɑhr-

PIE *eɑ → aɑ

Colouring rule for *eɑ

RColouring1c → *óneiu̯aɑhr-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. óneiu̯aɑhr-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *óneiu̯ahr-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. óneiu̯ahr-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *óneiu̯ar-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. óneiu̯ar-

*u̯ → Ø

Change of *u̯ into Ø

RLossofw → *óneiar-

5. óneiar-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. ὄνειαρ-

PIE *óneiu̯eɑht-

Gr. ὄνειατ-

(n.obl.) ‘Erquickungen, Speisen, Wertsachen, Geschenke’

(GEW 2:394)

(Gr. ὄνει(ϝ)ατ-)

1. PIE *óneiu̯eɑht-

PIE *eɑ → aɑ

Colouring rule for *eɑ

RColouring1c → *óneiu̯aɑht-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. óneiu̯aɑht-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *óneiu̯aht-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. óneiu̯aht-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *óneiu̯at-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. óneiu̯at-

*u̯ → Ø

Change of *u̯ into Ø

RLossofw → *óneiat-

5. óneiat-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. ὄνειατ-

PIE √n- ‘unter’

(IEW 312 + 766)

√onon

PIE *onon

Hitt. anan

(adv.) ‘unter’

(HEG 1:26)

1. PIE *onon

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. anan

(XX:XX)

PIE *onon

CLu. anan

(adv.) ‘unter’

(HEG 1:26)

(Carruba, Oriens Antiquus 9 [1970]:86)

1. PIE *onon

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → CLu. anan

(XX:XX)

√enen

PIE *enen

LycA. ẽnẽ

(.) ‘under’

(LuPG 62)

(Lyc. ẽnẽ xñtawata xerixehe ‘Under king Xerxes’)

1. PIE *enen

*en → ẽn

Emergence of nasal vowel ẽ

R14b → *ẽnẽn

2. ẽnẽn

*-ã/ẽn → -ã/ẽ

Loss of word-final nasal

R16 → LycA. ẽnẽ

√ni

PIE *ní

AV. ní

(adv.) ‘down, back, in, into, within’

(MonWil. 538)

(AV. ní [AV 10,8,7])

PIE *ní

Arm. ni

(.) ‘nieder’

(XX:XX)

(Arm. ni)

1. PIE *ní

*í → i

Unmarkedness of accent

R23b → Arm. ni

PIE *ni·mnó-

RV. ni·mná-

(n.) ‘Niederung, Tiefe’

(KEWA 2:166)

1. PIE *ni·mnó-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

RChangeO2A2 → RV. ni·mná-

PIE *ni·mno-

OInd. ni·mna-

(a.) ‘tief liegend’

(Wack. 2/2:777 [wF.])

1. PIE *ni·mno-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → OInd. ni·mna-

√ner-

(P. 312, 766)

(WP2:333f.)

PIE *é·nero-

Gr. ἔ·νερο-

(m.pl.) ‘die Unterirdischen’

(GEW X:XX)

(Gr. οἱ ἔνεροι)

1. PIE *é·nero-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. ἔ·νερο-

PIE *nḗroko-

AV. nā́raka-

(a.) ‘zur Hölle in Beziehung stehend’

(KEWA 2:138)

1. PIE *nḗroko-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *nḗraka-

2. nḗraka-

PIE *ḗ → ā́

Aryan change of *ḗ into ā́

RAryanE2A4 → AV. nā́raka-

PIE *nḗroko-

AV. nā́raka-

(m.) ‘Unterwelt, Hölle’ (mit loká-)

(EWA 2:37)

1. PIE *nḗroko-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *nḗraka-

2. nḗraka-

PIE *ḗ → ā́

Aryan change of *ḗ into ā́

RAryanE2A4 → AV. nā́raka-

√neroi-

PIE *neroi·sí-

TochA. ñare·ṣi-

(a.) ‘inferni, infernalis’

(Poucha 108)

(TochA. ñare ṣi-)

1. PIE *neroi·sí-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *nerai·sí-

(XX:XX)

2. nerai·sí-

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯arai·sí-

3. ni̯arai·sí-

*sí → ṣí

Palatalization of *sí

R18c → *ni̯arai·ṣí-

4. ni̯arai·ṣí-

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñarai·ṣí-

5. ñarai·ṣí-

ai → ē

Monophthongization of *ai

RMonophthai2E1 → *ñarē·ṣí-

6. ñarē·ṣí-

ē → e

Orthographic change of ē into e

ROrthE2e1 → *ñare·ṣí-

7. ñare·ṣí-

*í → i

Unmarkedness of accent

R20 → TochA. ñare·ṣi-

PIE *neroi-

TochA. ñare-

(sb.) ‘infernum, sceleratum apud infernos sedes’

(Poucha 108)

(TochA. ñare)

1. PIE *neroi-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *nerai-

(XX:XX)

2. nerai-

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯arai-

3. ni̯arai-

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñarai-

4. ñarai-

ai → ē

Monophthongization of *ai

RMonophthai2E1 → *ñarē-

5. ñarē-

ē → e

Orthographic change of ē into e

ROrthE2e1 → TochA. ñare-

PIE *neri̯ó-

Gr. νειρό-

(a.) ‘der Unterste’

(GEW 1:515)

(Gr. νειρός [sgN])

1. PIE *neri̯ó-

*eri̯ → eir

Epenthesis of *i

REpentheRy → *neiró-

2. neiró-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. νειρό-

PIE *ner·Σ-

Arm. ner·kʼoy

(adv.) ‘sous’

(Arm. XX)

√nertr-

PIE *nertro-

Umbr. nertro-

(a.) ‘links’ (‘sinistro’ (= n°rterow))

(WbOU. 492-3)

(Umbr. nertru [sgAbl])

PIE *nértero-

Gr. νέρτερο-

(comp.) ‘unterer, tieferer, unterirdischer’

(GEW X:XX)

(Gr. νέρτερο)

1. PIE *nértero-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. νέρτερο-

√nr-

PIE *nrōi-

TochB. nrai

(n.) ‘hell’

(DTochB. 351)

(TochB. nran)

1. PIE *nrōi-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *nrāi-

(XX:XX)

2. nrāi-

āi → ai

Orthographic change of āi into ai

ROrthOIA8 → TochB. nrai-

PIE *nrōisi̯o-

TochB. nraiṣṣa-

(a.) ‘hellish’ (n.) ‘denizen of hell’

(DTochB. 351)

(TochB. nraiṣṣe)

1. PIE *nrōisi̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *nrōisi̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. nrōisi̯a-

PIE *ō → ā

Change of *ō into ā

RChangeO2A3 → *nrāisi̯a-

(XX:XX)

3. nrāisi̯a-

*si̯ → ṣ

Palatalization of *si̯

R18a → *nrāiṣa-

4. nrāiṣa-

āi → ai

Orthographic change of āi into ai

ROrthOIA8 → TochB. nraiṣa-

√neur-

PIE *neur

TochB. ñor

(adv.) ‘below, beneath, under, down’

(DTochB. 272)

(TochB. ñor)

1. PIE *neur

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯aur

2. ni̯aur

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñaur

3. ñaur

au → ō

Monophthongization of *au

RChangeAU2O1 → *ñōr

4. ñōr

ō → o

Orthographic change of ō into o

ROrthOIA6 → TochB. ñor

PIE *neur·Σ-

TochA. ñor·īya-

(a.comp.) ‘lower’

(DTochB. 272)

(TochB. ñorīya kātso)

1. PIE *neur·Σ-

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯aur·Σ-

2. ni̯aur·Σ-

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñaur·Σ-

3. ñaur·Σ-

au → ō

Monophthongization of *au

RMonophthau2O1 → *ñōr·Σ-

4. ñōr·Σ-

ō → o

Orthographic change of ō into o

ROrthO2o1 → TochA. ñor·Σ-

PIE *neuru·u̯or-

TochB. ñoru·wär

(adv.) ‘downstream’

(DTochB. 272)

(TochB. kaucūwär (...) ñoruwär ‘upstream (...) downstream’)

1. PIE *neuru·u̯or-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *neuru·u̯ar-

(XX:XX)

2. neuru·u̯ar-

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯auru·u̯ar-

3. ni̯auru·u̯ar-

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñauru·u̯ar-

4. ñauru·u̯ar-

au → ō

Monophthongization of *au

RChangeAU2O1 → *ñōru·u̯ar-

5. ñōru·u̯ar-

ō → o

Orthographic change of ō into o

ROrthOIA6 → *ñoru·u̯ar-

6. ñoru·u̯ar-

*u̯ → w

Orthographic change of u̯ into w

R19 → TochB. ñoru·war-

PIE *neurmi̯o-

TochB. ñormya-

(a.) ≈ ‘lower’

(DTochB. 272)

(TochB. ñormye bhūmi)

1. PIE *neurmi̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *neurmi̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. neurmi̯a-

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯aurmi̯a-

3. ni̯aurmi̯a-

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñaurmi̯a-

4. ñaurmi̯a-

au → ō

Monophthongization of *au

RChangeAU2O1 → *ñōrmi̯a-

5. ñōrmi̯a-

ō → o

Orthographic change of ō into o

ROrthOIA6 → *ñormi̯a-

6. ñormi̯a-

i̯ → y

Orthographic change of i̯ into y

ROrthOIA2 → TochB. ñormya-

PIE *neurmii̯o-

TochB. ñormiya-

(a.) ≈ ‘lower’

(DTochB. 272)

(TochB. ñormiye wassi///)

1. PIE *neurmii̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *neurmii̯a-

(XX:XX)

2. neurmii̯a-

PIE *e → i̯ a

Change of *e into i̯a

RChangee2Ya → *ni̯aurmii̯a-

3. ni̯aurmii̯a-

*ni̯ → ñ

Palatalization of *n before i̯

RPalatNY → *ñaurmii̯a-

4. ñaurmii̯a-

au → ō

Monophthongization of *au

RChangeAU2O1 → *ñōrmii̯a-

5. ñōrmii̯a-

ō → o

Orthographic change of ō into o

ROrthOIA6 → *ñormii̯a-

6. ñormii̯a-

i̯ → y

Orthographic change of i̯ into y

ROrthOIA2 → TochB. ñormiya-

√n- √no- √ne- (pref.) ‘eben, gleich’ (prep.) ‘zusammen’

(IEW –)

(Pyysalo)

√ono-

PIE *ono

HLu. ana

(prep.) ‘cum, with’

(CHLu. 1.1.15.)

(CUM-na)

1. PIE *ono

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → HLu. ana

(XX:XX)

PIE *ono·Σ-

Hitt. ana·niga-

(c.) ‘Schwester (von derselben Mutter)’

(HHand. 15)

(Hitt. an-na-ne-ku-uš [plA], an-na-ni-ku-uš, not ‘Dirne, Prostituierte’ HEG1:26-7)

1. PIE *ono·Σ-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ana·Σ-

(XX:XX)

PIE *ono·uli-

Hitt. ana·uli-

(a.) ‘gleichrangig, ebenbürtig’

(HEG II:29)

(Hitt. an-na-ú-li-, EHS 212)

1. PIE *ono·uli-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ana·uli-

(XX:XX)

PIE *ono·ulei̯o-

Hitt. ana·ulei̯a-

(URUa.) ‘Im Lande Tarḫuntaša.’ (OGHErg. 5)

(Hitt. an-na-ú-li-ia-aš [sgN])

Ḫi. ana·ulia-

1. PIE *ono·ulei̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ana·ulei̯a-

(XX:XX)

PIE *ono·u̯oli-

Hitt. ana·u̯ali-

(a.) ‘gleichrangig, ebenbürtig’

(HHand. 16)

(Hitt. an-na-ú-li-e-eš)

1. PIE *ono·u̯oli-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ana·u̯ali-

(XX:XX)

√no-

PIE *nó·Σ-

RV. ná·veda-

(a.) ‘kundig ‹Lit. ‘*cum·Veda-’›

(WbRV. 716)

1. PIE *nó·Σ-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

RChangeO2A2 → RV. ná·Σ-

PIE *nó·Σ-

RV. ná·vedas-

(a.) ‘mit bhav + [G] = aufmerken, vernehmen’

(WbRV. 716)

1. PIE *nó·Σ-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

RChangeO2A2 → RV. ná·Σ-

PIE *nó·Σ-

RV. ná·vedas-

(m.) ‘vertraut, bekannt’ (m.) ‘Vertrauer[G]’

(WbRV. 716)

1. PIE *nó·Σ-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

RChangeO2A2 → RV. ná·Σ-

PIE *no·sorto-

CLu. na·šarta-

(GKLc.) ‘Konkubine, HHand. 111’

(HEG 2:278-9)

(Hitt. 1 NINDA.SIG A-NA dNIN.É.GAL na-šar-ta-aš-ša [plD] ŠA dIM)

1. PIE *no·sorto-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *na·sarta-

(XX:XX)

2. na·sarta-

PIE *s → š

Orthographic change of *s into š

R18 → CLu. na·šarta-

PIE *no·sorto-

HLu. na·šarta-

(d.) ‘cult of Tešup & Hepat of Aleppo’

(HEG 2:278)

(HLu. na-sá+ra-tá)

1. PIE *no·sorto-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *na·sarta-

(XX:XX)

2. na·sarta-

PIE *s → š

Orthographic change of *s into š

R19 → HLu. na·šarta-

PIE *no·sortei-

Hitt. na·šartei-

(GKLc.) ‘Konkubine’ (?)

(HEG 2:278)

(Hitt. 1 NINDA.SIG A-NA dNIN.É.GAL na-šar-ti-ia [sgD] ŠA dU)

1. PIE *no·sortei-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *na·sartei-

(XX:XX)

2. na·sartei-

PIE *s → š

Orthographic change of *s into š

R15 → Hitt. na·šartei-

(Pyysalo 2013:XX)

√oni-

HLu. ani

(prep.) ‘with, for’

(CHLu. 2.6.18)

(HLu. CUM-ni, CUM-ní)

1. PIE *oni-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → HLu. ani-

(XX:XX)

PIE √ni- ‘Getreide durch Schwingen reinigen, worfeln, schwingen’

(IEW 761)

(+ Pyysalo 2014:XX)

√ni-

PIE *noni-

CLu. nani-

(GKLvb.?) ‹‘winnow’› (HHand. 110, HEG 2, 273)

(DLL. 74)

(CLu. [na]m-ma DINGIRLUM fdu-ut-tari-ia-ti-iš GKLna-ni-ti [3sg] gán-ga-ti-ti)

1. PIE *noni-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → CLu. nani-

(XX:XX)

√neihɑk-

(IEW. 761)

PIE *neihɑkḗɑh-

Lith. niekó-

(vb.) ‘(Getreide) schwingen, worfeln’

(LiEtWb. 502)

1. PIE *neihɑkḗɑh-

PIE *ḗɑ → ā́ɑ

Colouring rule for *ḗɑ

RColouring2d → *neihɑkā́ɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. neihɑkā́ɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *neihkā́h-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. neihkā́h-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *neikā́-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. neikā́-

*ā́ → ṓ

Change of ā́ into ṓ

RChangeA202 → *neikṓ-

5. neikṓ-

RChangeei2ie → *niekṓ-

6. niekṓ-

ṓ → ó

Orthographic change of ṓ into ó

R27b → Lith. niekó-

PIE *neihɑkḗɑh-

Latv. niẽkâ-

(vb.) ‘Grütze in einer Mulde schwingen’

(GEW 2:123)

(‹Latv. ẽ! -› eha!›)

1. PIE *neihɑkḗɑh-

PIE *ḗɑ → ā́ɑ

Colouring rule for *ḗɑ

RColouring2d → *neihɑkā́ɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. neihɑkā́ɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *neihkā́h-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. neihkā́h-

*ā́h → âh

Latvian tone rule for *ā́h

RAcc3 → *neihkâh-

4. neihkâh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *neikâ-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. neikâ-

*ei → ie

Change of ei into ie

R26b → Latv. niekâ-

PIE *neíhɑklo-

Gr. νείκλο-

(n.) ‘Getreideschwinge’

(GEW 2:123)

(Gr. νεῖκλο-)

1. PIE *neíhɑklo-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *neíhklo-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. neíhklo-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *neíklo-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. neíklo-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. νείκλο-

√nihɑk-

PIE *nihɑkéɑhi̯o-

Gr. νικάο-

(pr.) ‘Getreide schwingen, worfeln’

(GEW 2:123)

(Gr. νικάω)

1. PIE *nihɑkéɑhi̯o-

PIE *éɑ → áɑ

Colouring rule for *éɑ

RColouring1d → *nihɑkáɑhi̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. nihɑkáɑhi̯o-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *nihkáhi̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. nihkáhi̯o-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *nikái̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. nikái̯o-

*Vi̯V → VhV

Change of *i̯ into h between vowels

RLossyinVyV → *nikáo-

5. nikáo-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. νικάο-

PIE *níhɑklo-

Gr. νίκλο-

(n.) ‘Getreideschwinge’

(GEW 2:123)

(Gr. νίκλο-)

1. PIE *níhɑklo-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *níhklo-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. níhklo-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *níklo-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. níklo-

Change from Latin to Greek alphabet

RGr2Lat → Gr. νίκλο-

PIE *Π·nihɑkto

OIr. cruith·necht-

(.) ‘wheat : Weizen’

(DIL. 162)

(LEIA C, 254-5)

1. PIE *Π·nihɑkto

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *Π·nihkto

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. Π·nihkto

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *Π·nikto

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. Π·nikto

kt → kht

Lenition of voiceless stop *k

RChangekt2kht → *Π·nikhto

4. Π·nikhto

*iCo → eCo

Lowering of *i into e

RLowerikhto2ekhto → *Π·nekhto

5. Π·nekhto

*-o → Ø

Loss of root-final *o

RLossFinalo → *Π·nekht

6. Π·nekht

*k → c

Orthographic change of *k into c

ROrthogrK2C → OIr. Π·necht

PIE *Π·nihɑkto

Cymr. gwe·nith-

(.) ‘wheat: Weizen’

(GPC 1, 3099)

1. PIE *Π·nihɑkto

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *Π·nihkto

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. Π·nihkto

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *Π·nikto

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. Π·nikto

*o- → Ø

Loss of root-final *o

RLossFinalo → *Π·nikt

4. Π·nikt

*kt → th

Loss of k before t and lenition

RChangekt2th → *Π·nith

5. Π·nith

*i → y

Orthographic change of *i into y

RChangei2y → Cymr. Π·nyth

PIE *Π·nihɑkto

Corn. gwa·neth-

(.) ‘froment : Weizen’

(LEIA C, 255)

1. PIE *Π·nihɑkto

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

R7b → *Π·nihkto

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. Π·nihkto

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

R10b → *Π·nikto

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. Π·nikto

*iCo → eCo

Lowering of *i into e

R20c → *Π·nekto

4. Π·nekto

*o- → Ø-

Loss of root-final *o-

R22b → *Π·nekt

5. Π·nekt

*kt → th

Loss of k before t and lenition

R23 → Corn. Π·neth

PIE *nihɑkti-

Cymr. nithi-

(.) ‘winnow, sift’

(GPC 2, 4655)

Cymr. nithio-

1. PIE *nihɑkti-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *nihkti-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. nihkti-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *nikti-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. nikti-

*kt → th

Loss of k before t and lenition

RChangekt2th → *nithi-

4. nithi-

*i → y

Orthographic change of *i into y

RChangei2y → Cymr. nythy-

PIE *nihɑktēɑh-

Bret. niza-

(.) ‘worfeln : vanner le grain’

(LEIA C, 255).

1. PIE *nihɑktēɑh-

PIE *ēɑ → āɑ

Colouring rule for *ēɑ

RColouring2b → *nihɑktāɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. nihɑktāɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *nihktāh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. nihktāh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *niktā-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. niktā-

*ā → a

Loss of quantity of *ā

RShortA2a → *nikta-

5. nikta-

*kt → z

Loss of k before t and lenition

RChangekt2z → Bret. niza-

PIE √nik- (vb.) ‘ergreifen, erheben, entstehen, keimen’

(IEW XX)

(LIV 2:451)

√nik-

(CHD LN:438f.)

(Benveniste BSL 50:40)

PIE *ni·nik-

Hitt. ni·nik-

(vb.) ‘(auf)heben (Truppen); aufbrechen (Siegel)’

(HIL. 700)

(Hitt. ni-ni-kán-zi [3pl])

PIE *Π·neiko-

OCS. vŭz·niko-

(pr.) ‘sich aufrichten : raise oneself’

(Sadnik √577)

(OCS. vŭznikǫ [1sg])

1. PIE *Π·neiko-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *Π·neika-

2. Π·neika-

*a → o

Change of *a into o

RChangea2o1 → *Π·neiko-

3. Π·neiko-

*ei → ī

Monophthongization of *ei into ī

RMonophthei2i → *Π·nīko-

4. Π·nīko-

*ī → i

Orthographic change of *ī into i

ROrthogrI2i1 → OCS. Π·niko-

PIE *Π·neiknun

OCS. vŭz·niknǫ-

(vb.) ‘emporspriessen, sich emporrichten, nüchtern’

(Sadnik √577)

(OCS. vŭzniknǫti [inf.])

1. PIE *Π·neiknun

*ei → ī

Monophthongization of *ei into ī

RMonophthei2i → *Π·nīknun

2. Π·nīknun

*-un → -ǫ

Emergence of nasal vowel ǫ

RNasalizUN2O → *Π·nīknǫ

3. Π·nīknǫ

*ī → i

Orthographic change of *ī into i

ROrthogrI2i1 → OCS. Π·niknǫ

√nink-

(IEW XX)

(LIV2:451 + AC 53)

PIE *nink-

Umbr. nink-

(vb.) ‘ergreifen’

(Meiser Lautg 85-87)

(Umbr. ninctu [ipv3sg])

Hitt. ni·nink-

(vbA.) ‘in Bewegung setzen, antreiben, bewegen’

(HEG 2:328)

(Hitt. ni-ni-ik-[ta], ni-ni-in-kán-[du], ni-ni-in-ku-un)

Hitt. ni·nink-

(vbM.) ‘sich aufrüherisch benehmen, sich erheben’

(HEG 2:328)

(Hitt. ni-ni-ik-ta-ri)

Hitt. ni·nink-

(vb1A.) ‘(Truppen, auf)heben; Siegel aufbrechen’

(HHand. 113)

(Hitt. ni-ni-ik-mi, ni-ni-in-kán-zi)