Proto-Indo-European Lexicon
The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages
The Proto-Indo-European Phoneme Inventory
© 2014-2015 University of Helsinki
"Durch zweier Zeugen Mund wird alle Wahrheit kund" — August Fick(PRINCIPLE of POSTULATION)
PIE
PIE √o- (pron.) ‘dieser’
√o-
1. PIE *o·
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. a·
(XX:XX)
1. PIE *o·
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → Pal. a·
(XX:XX)
√oni-
(HEG I:29)
(HW2 A: 81, HIL. 209-10)
Hitt. a·ni-
(dem.pron.) ‘jener, [IŠ-TU AN-NI-I]Š, GÚ.R[I.TA]’
(HEG 1:29-30)
(Hitt. an-ni-iš KBo 1.42 iii 33)
1. PIE *o·ni-
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. a·ni-
(XX:XX)
1. PIE *o·ni·son
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → *a·ni·san
(XX:XX)
2. a·ni·san
PIE *s → š
Orthographic change of *s into š
R15 → Hitt. a·ni·šan
(Pyysalo 2013:XX)
PIE √o- (pref.) ‘zu’ (end.) ‘allativum’
√o·
(Pyysalo)
1. PIE *ó·bɑɦso-
PIE *ɑ → Ø
Loss of *ɑ
RLossofA → *ó·bɦso-
(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)
2. ó·bɦso-
*bɦ → ph
Loss of voice of media aspirata *bɦ
RDevoicebh → *ó·phso-
3. ó·phso-
*phs → ps
Loss of *h between *p and *s
RChangephs2ps → *ó·pso-
4. ó·pso-
Change from Latin to Greek alphabet
RGr2Lat → Gr. ὄ·ψο-
1. PIE *o·dɑɦi̯u-
PIE *ɑ → Ø
Loss of *ɑ
RLossofA → *o·dɦi̯u-
(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)
2. o·dɦi̯u-
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → *a·dɦi̯u-
3. a·dɦi̯u-
*dɦ → d
Loss of *ɦ in mediae aspiratae
RDeaspdh → *a·di̯u-
(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.1.5)
4. a·di̯u-
*adi → aidi
Anaptyxis of *i
RAnaptyxADI → *a·idi̯u-
5. a·idi̯u-
i̯ → y
Orthographic change of *i̯ into y
R41a → gAv. a·idyu-
1. PIE *o·Σ-
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → TochA. a·Σ-
(XX:XX)
1. PIE *o·ki̯os-
PIE *ki/i̯ → ć
1st palatalization of *ki/i̯
RSatem1 → *o·ćos-
(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.4)
2. o·ćos-
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → *a·ćas-
3. a·ćas-
*s → h
Change *s into h
RChanges2h → *a·ćah-
4. a·ćah-
*ć → s
From Satem *ć to Avestan
RSatem2Av1 → LAv. a·sah-
(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.4)
√·o
(Pedersen 1938:29)
Hitt. ·a
(end.) ‘allative singular, in, to, “to where”’
(HIL. 195)
(The allative case is also called ‘directive’ and ‘absolutive’)
1. PIE *·o
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → Hitt. ·a
(XX:XX)
1. PIE *.o
Change from Latin to Greek alphabet
RGr2Lat → Gr. .ο
RV. ·a
(end.) ‘allative singular; in, to’
(HIL. 195)
(RV. ápa, úpa, prá, etc.; also RV. aṅgá)
1. PIE *·o
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → RV. ·a
1. PIE *·o
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → LAv. ·a
PIE √o- ‘horse, bird, eagle’ (as OLith. ešva- (f.) ‘Stute’ and Lith. ded·ešvà- (f.) ‘Vogelwicke’)
√o-
1. PIE *o
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → HLu. a
(XX:XX)
Hitt. a·u̯idei-
(.) ‘Sphinx (?) ‹Lit. “Adler·Löwe”›’
(HEG 1:99-100)
(Compare Hitt. wizi- ‘lion’(?))
1. PIE *o·u̯idɑɦei-
PIE *ɑ → Ø
Loss of *ɑ
RLossofA → *o·u̯idɦei-
(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)
2. o·u̯idɦei-
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeO2A1 → *a·u̯idɦei-
(XX:XX)
3. a·u̯idɦei-
PIE Dɦ → D
Absence of voiced aspirates
RDeaspDh → Hitt. a·u̯idei-
(Pyysalo 2013:XX)
1. PIE *o-
PIE *o → a
Change of *o into a
RChangeo2a1 → OHG. a-
(XX:XX)
The PIE Lexicon Project licenses its data, linguistic results and finite-state encoded rules under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license.
