Proto-Indo-European Lexicon (PIE Lexicon)

PIE

(Introduction)

(Abbreviations & References)

√ɑɦgu- √ɑɦogu- √ɑɦegu- ‘Spitze, Gipfel, Kopf, Felsgipfel’ (a.) ‘erste, oberste’ (adv.) ‘vor(an), zuerst’

(IEW. 8-9)

(Pedersen 1938:183)

√ɑɦogu-

(Pyysalo)

PIE *ɑɦógu̯o-

OInd. ága-

(m.) ‘mountain, tree’

(KEWA I:17)

1. PIE *ɑɦógu̯o-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦógu̯o-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦógu̯o-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ɦógu̯a-

3. ɦógu̯a-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

RChangeO2A2 → *ɦágu̯a-

4. ɦágu̯a-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *águ̯a-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. águ̯a-

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → OInd. ága-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

PIE *ɑɦogu̯o

OSax. aku-

(.) ‘head, Kopf : caput’

(ASächsWb. –)

(OSax. acu,

1. PIE *ɑɦogu̯o

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦogu̯o

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦogu̯o

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *ogu̯o

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

3. ogu̯o

*g → k

Loss of voice of media *g

RDevoiceg → *oku̯o

4. oku̯o

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeo2a1 → *aku̯a

(XX:XX)

5. aku̯a

-a → -Ø

Loss of root-final -a

RLossFinala → *aku̯

6. aku̯

*-ku̯ → -ku̯

Change of root-final -ku̯ into -ku

RChangeFinalKW2KU → OSax. aku

√ɑɦegur-

(HEG 1:235-6)

(HED 3: 287, Weitenberg 1984: 154, HIL. 395, Melchert 1994:144)

PIE *ɑɦegur-

Hitt. ḫegur-

(NA4n.) ‘Felsgipfel, Felsheiligtum, Fels’

(HEG 2:235)

(Hitt. ḫé-kur, ḫé-gur, HHand. 49, EḪS 276-7)

1. PIE *ɑɦegur-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦegur-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦegur-

PIE *h/ɦ → Hitt. ḫ

Orthographic change of *h/ɦ into ḫ

R16 → Hitt. ḫegur-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.6.3)

PIE *ɑɦéguro-

RV. ágra-

(n.) ‘Spitze, äußerstes ende, Gipfel, Anfang’

(WbRV. 10)

(EWA1:45-, KEWA1:18)

1. PIE *ɑɦéguro-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦéguro-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦéguro-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ɦégura-

3. ɦégura-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *égura-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. égura-

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *égra-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

5. égra-

PIE *é → á

Aryan change of *é into á

RAryanE2A2 → RV. ágra-

PIE *ɑɦeguro-

LAv. aγra-

(a.) ‘der erste, oberste’

(AIWb. 48)

1. PIE *ɑɦeguro-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦeguro-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦeguro-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ɦegura-

3. ɦegura-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *egura-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. egura-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *egra-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

5. egra-

PIE *e → a

Aryan change of *e into a

RAryanE2A1 → *agra-

6. agra-

g → γ

Change of *g into γ

R40a → LAv. aγra-

√ɑɦegurei-

PIE *ɑɦegurei·gu̯óɑh-

RV. agre·gá-

(a.) ‘voran-gehend’

(WbRV. 11)

1. PIE *ɑɦegurei·gu̯óɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦegurei·gu̯óh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦegurei·gu̯óh-

PIE *ó → á

Change of *ó into á

RChangeO2A2 → *ɦegurei·gu̯áh-

3. ɦegurei·gu̯áh-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *egurei·gu̯áh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. egurei·gu̯áh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *egurei·gu̯á-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. egurei·gu̯á-

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *egrei·gá-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

6. egrei·gá-

PIE *e → a

Aryan change of *e into a

RAryanE2A1 → *agrai·gá-

7. agrai·gá-

ai → ē

Monophthongization of *ai

RChangeAI2E1 → *agrē·gá-

8. agrē·gá-

ē → e

Orthographic change of ē into e

ROrthOIA4 → RV. agre·gá-

PIE *ɑɦegurei·pḗɑh-

RV. agre·pā́-

(a.) ‘zuerst drinkend’

(WbRV. 12)

1. PIE *ɑɦegurei·pḗɑh-

PIE *ḗɑ → ā́ɑ

Colouring rule for *ḗɑ

RColouring2d → *ɑɦegurei·pā́ɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

2. ɑɦegurei·pā́ɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦegurei·pā́h-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

3. ɦegurei·pā́h-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *egurei·pā́h-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. egurei·pā́h-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *egurei·pā́-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. egurei·pā́-

PIE *KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *egrei·pā́-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

6. egrei·pā́-

PIE *e → a

Aryan change of *e into a

RAryanE2A1 → *agrai·pā́-

7. agrai·pā́-

ai → ē

Monophthongization of *ai

RChangeAI2E1 → *agrē·pā́-

8. agrē·pā́-

ē → e

Orthographic change of ē into e

ROrthOIA4 → RV. agre·pā́-

PIE *eɑɦgurei·pēɑh-

Lat. agrippā-

(I.) ‘agrippa’ ‹ if PItal. *agrīpā-, cf. above (?) ›

(OxLatD. 91)

(Lat. agrippa)

1. PIE *eɑɦgurei·pēɑh-

PIE *eɑ → aɑ

Colouring rule for *eɑ

RColouring1c → *aɑɦgurei·pēɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.7)

2. aɑɦgurei·pēɑh-

PIE *ēɑ → āɑ

Colouring rule for *ēɑ

RColouring2b → *aɑɦgurei·pāɑh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.10)

3. aɑɦgurei·pāɑh-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *aɦgurei·pāh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

4. aɦgurei·pāh-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *agurei·pāh-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

5. agurei·pāh-

PIE *h → Ø

Loss of segmental *h

RLossofH2 → *agurei·pā-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

6. agurei·pā-

*gu/u̯r → gr

Delabialization of u/u̯ between *g and *r

R19 → *agrei·pā-

7. agrei·pā-

*ei → ī

Monophthongization of *ei into ī

RMonophthei2i → *agrī·pā-

8. agrī·pā-

*īp → ipp

Change of īp into ipp

RChangeIp2ipp → Lat. agri·ppā-

PIE *ɑɦegurei·rotɑho-

LAv. aγrae·raϑa-

(Im.) ‘EN. eines Gläubigen’

(AIWb 49)

(LAv. aγraeraϑahe)

1. PIE *ɑɦegurei·rotɑho-

PIE *ɑ → Ø

Loss of *ɑ

RLossofA → *ɦegurei·rotho-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.2.4)

2. ɦegurei·rotho-

PIE *o → a

Change of *o into a

RChangeO2A1 → *ɦegurei·ratha-

3. ɦegurei·ratha-

PIE *ɦ → Ø

Loss of segmental *ɦ

RLossofH1 → *egurei·ratha-

(Pyysalo 2013: 2.1.4)

4. egurei·ratha-

*KU → K

Loss of labial after velar

RLabiovNeut → *egrei·ratha-

(Pyysalo 2013: 4.8.3)

5. egrei·ratha-

*t h → ϑ

Affricativization of *th

RAffricateTH → *egrei·raϑa-

6. egrei·raϑa-

PIE *e → a

Aryan change of *e into a

RAryanE2A1 → *agrai·raϑa-

7. agrai·raϑa-

*ai → ae

Opening of *ai

ROpeningAI → *agrae·raϑa-

8. agrae·raϑa-

g → γ

Change of *g into γ

R40a → LAv. aγrae·raϑa-

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Proto-Indo-European Lexicon

The generative etymological dictionary of Indo-European languages